What is NLP and how to apply it to improve results

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Neurolinguistic Programming, or NLP, is a widely used approach to improve communication, behavior and self-awareness.
In this article, we will explore what is NLP and how you can apply it to get best results in your personal and professional life.
What is NLP
THE NLP, or Neuro-Linguistic Programming, is a set of techniques and strategies that focus on understanding the connection between the brain (neuro), language (linguistic) and the behavior patterns we develop based on our experiences.
Above all, the NLP investigates the process of human cognition, that is, it explores how we develop our personal representations of reality from objective facts and how these personal representations influence our approaches to interacting with the environment. In this way, it studies the structure of subjective experience.
Created in the 1970s by Richard Bandler and John Grinder, NLP has been widely adopted in a variety of fields, including psychology, business, therapy, and personal training. Meanwhile, Bandler and Grinder set out on a field mission to investigate the composition of excellence among some of the most prominent therapists of that era, seeking to model the styles, personalities, and patterns of each.
In summary:
Neuro: It refers to the way in which each individual uses their own neurophysiology to translate experience into cognitive processes, both conscious and unconscious, encompassing the relationship between body and mind. Thus, all behaviors result from neurological activities that incorporate the five senses.
Linguistics: It involves the use of verbal communication to give meaning to experience, both in interaction with the individual himself and in communication with others. In this way, linguistic patterns reflect our thinking and our beliefs about ourselves and the world around us.
“A Programação Neurolinguística é um conjunto de técnicas que ajudam a reprogramar padrões de pensamento, linguagem e comportamento para gerar mudanças positivas.”
Understanding NLP
1. What NLP involves
THE NLP involves observing and modeling behaviors, beliefs and language patterns of successful people. In this way, this modeling allows other people to learn and apply similar strategies to achieve success in their own lives.
In short, it is a practical and pragmatic approach to improving communication skills, self-awareness and performance.
2. Effective communication with NLP
One of the best known applications of NLP is in improving communication. In this sense, through NLP, you can learn to better understand the needs and perspectives of others and adapt your own communication to be more effective. This is especially valuable in work environments, where clear communication is essential to success.
3. Change in behavior
THE NLP It is also used to help people overcome obstacles and achieve their goals. It definitely offers techniques for identifying and changing unwanted behavior patterns, replacing them with more positive and productive behaviors.
4. Self-knowledge and self-development
Additionally, NLP promotes self-awareness and self-development. It also helps people identify their limiting beliefs and create more empowering beliefs. It can also be used to set clear goals and create strategies to achieve them.
Some basic assumptions of NLP
1. Map is not the territory:
This is the fundamental principle of NLP, which originated from the ideas of Alfred Korzybski (1879-1950), who recognized the difference between our mental representations of the world, called “world maps,” and reality itself. Language is a kind of map or model that we use to summarize and generalize our experiences, allowing us to share them with others.
Thus, each person has their own mental map of reality, and these maps can vary widely. Thus, our perception of reality is a subjective representation and is not reality itself.
There is, therefore, no “correct map” of reality. What exists are more effective maps, which are those that offer more choices. Therefore, it is not the real conditions of the “territory” or of objective reality that impose restrictions or provide opportunities to people, but rather the decisions perceived as available within their own thought models, through their mental representations.
Richard Bandler e John Grinder, em seu livro “A Estrutura da Magia”, observam que as pessoas que respondem de forma criativa e eficaz são aquelas que têm uma representação ou modelo que lhes permite enxergar uma ampla gama de possibilidades para orientar suas ações. Por outro lado, pessoas que se sentem limitadas em suas escolhas não conseguem ver as opções e oportunidades que se apresentam, devido à sua visão restrita do mundo.
“Na PNL, o pressuposto ‘o mapa não é o território’ significa que nossa percepção da realidade é apenas uma representação subjetiva, e não a realidade em si.”
2. Behaviors have a positive intention:
On the other hand, the NLP assumes that all human behavior has an underlying positive intention, even if the outcome of that behavior seems negative. This means that people do the best they can with the resources they have at the time. It is also important to note that behavior is different from intention. And from the point of view of the person expressing the behavior, it is, or was, a way of adapting to the context and system in which they are inserted.
3. Behavioral flexibility:
THE NLP emphasizes the importance of flexibility in behavior. Being able to adapt and modify behaviors is definitely essential to achieving desired results. After all, in real life, scenarios and contexts are constantly evolving, which means that an action that was effective at one time may no longer generate productive results.
To thrive and survive in the face of these changes, the ability to adapt is essential. Likewise, in systems where the amount of change and complexity is greater, the need for flexibility is heightened.
4. Having a choice is better than having no choice:
Having options at your disposal is preferable to being left without alternatives, and there is invariably a wider range of choices available. Indeed, within the context of systems thinking, one is not restricted to a single approach to achieving a specific goal. Similarly, the principles of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) emphasize the importance of choice and wholeness, rather than eliminating certain behaviors.
5. The meaning of communication is the response it gets:
THE NLP places emphasis on the communicator's responsibility to ensure that the message is understood by the receiver. From this point of view, if communication is not achieving the desired result, it is the communicator's responsibility to adjust his or her approach.
6. If it is possible for anyone, it is possible for me:
We all have all the resources to act effectively.
7. There is no such thing as failure, only feedback:
NLP encourages people to view “failures” as learning opportunities. As a result, rather than becoming discouraged, people are encouraged to adjust their approach based on the feedback that they receive.
So, all feedback is valuable and provides useful information. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to feedback that we receive to adjust and improve our behavior.
8. Energy goes where attention is:
When we direct our attention to something, our concentration is fixed on it, and as a result, our vitality flows in that direction. In the context of the premises of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), energy is described as the mobilization of the system.
Thus, this mobilization of the system, when observed in an individual, can manifest itself as effort, worry and even fear on the one hand, while on the other hand, when attention is channeled in a healthy and constructive way, the energy can take the form of motivation, dedication, curiosity and confidence.
Other important NLP concepts:
Report:
Report is the ability to establish an empathic and harmonious connection with others. In short, NLP values the construction of rapport as a fundamental element for effective communication and positive influence.
The way you communicate can vary depending on the situation and the means of communication used, such as telephone, email, or in-person interaction. To build a rapport, Report effective, it is necessary to be aware of how people communicate and how to use gestures, body postures, tone of voice, choice of words, among other elements.
“Rapport na PNL é a habilidade de criar conexão, empatia e sintonia com outra pessoa, gerando comunicação mais eficaz.”
The body and mind are interconnected:
NLP recognizes the connection between the body and mind, believing that changes in posture, breathing and physical expression can affect the mind and vice versa. In this sense, practices such as mindfulness can help accelerate NLP results.
Modeling excellence:
NLP promotes the idea that it is possible to learn from people who are successful in specific areas of life by observing and modeling their thought and behavior patterns.
Applying NLP for better results
To apply NLP in your life and get better results, consider the following tips:
1. Set clear goals:
Use NLP to set clear, specific goals. The more detailed your goals are, the easier it will be to create effective strategies to achieve them.
2. Practice active listening:
Improve your communication skills by practicing active listening. This involves paying full attention to the person you are communicating with, demonstrating empathy (rapport).
3. Change negative patterns:
Identify any negative thought or behavior patterns that are limiting your progress and use NLP techniques to change them into positive patterns.
4. Learn from the best:
Study successful people in your field of interest and apply the strategies and behaviors they use (modeling).
Técnicas práticas de PNL para transformar sua vida
Até aqui você já entendeu os princípios e aplicações da Programação Neurolinguística. Mas a verdadeira força da PNL está na prática. Quando aplicamos as técnicas no dia a dia, conseguimos mudar padrões internos de pensamento, ressignificar experiências e criar novos caminhos mentais que nos aproximam dos nossos objetivos. A seguir, veja algumas das técnicas mais conhecidas da PNL e como você pode começar a utilizá-las.
Dissociation
A técnica de dissociation é usada para diminuir a intensidade de lembranças negativas ou experiências dolorosas. Ou seja, em vez de reviver a situação como se estivesse dentro dela, você passa a observá-la “de fora”, como se assistisse a um filme. Isso reduz a carga emocional e permite analisar o evento de maneira mais racional.
Practical example: imagine uma discussão que ainda te afeta. Feche os olhos e visualize a cena como se fosse um filme em preto e branco, projetado em uma tela de cinema. Veja-se sentado na plateia, apenas observando. Essa simples mudança de perspectiva faz com que a emoção negativa enfraqueça.
“A dissociação é uma técnica da PNL que reduz a intensidade emocional de lembranças negativas, permitindo observá-las de fora, como um espectador.”
Resignification
Ressignificar é atribuir um novo significado a uma experiência ou crença que antes parecia limitante. A mudança de interpretação muda também o estado emocional e o comportamento resultante.
Practical example: perder um emprego pode ser visto como fracasso ou como oportunidade para recomeçar em uma carreira mais alinhada com seus valores. Ao alterar a forma como você interpreta o fato, abre espaço para motivação e crescimento.
“A ressignificação é uma técnica de PNL que muda o significado atribuído a um evento, transformando um problema em oportunidade.”
Anchoring
THE anchoring é uma das técnicas mais populares da PNL. Ela consiste em associar um estado emocional positivo a um estímulo específico — como um gesto ou palavra — de forma que, sempre que você repetir esse estímulo, o estado positivo seja reativado.
Practical example: feche os olhos e recorde um momento em que você se sentiu extremamente confiante. Reviva todos os detalhes dessa memória — as cores, sons e sensações. Quando sentir a emoção no auge, feche a mão com força. Repita o exercício algumas vezes. Da próxima vez que precisar de confiança, feche a mão novamente e perceba como a sensação retorna.
“A ancoragem é uma técnica de PNL que associa um gesto, palavra ou estímulo a um estado emocional positivo, permitindo acessá-lo quando necessário.”
Ericksonian Hypnosis
Embora nem sempre seja considerada parte “clássica” da PNL, a Ericksonian Hypnosis tem forte conexão com suas origens. Milton Erickson, psiquiatra e hipnoterapeuta, inspirou Bandler e Grinder na criação de vários padrões linguísticos. Sua abordagem consiste em usar metáforas, histórias e linguagem indireta para acessar o inconsciente de forma natural.
Practical example: em vez de dar uma ordem direta, um terapeuta pode contar uma história onde o personagem supera um desafio. O inconsciente do ouvinte faz a ponte, e a mensagem é internalizada de forma mais suave.
“A hipnose ericksoniana utiliza metáforas e linguagem indireta para acessar o inconsciente e facilitar mudanças internas.”
Como integrar essas técnicas no dia a dia
Mais importante do que conhecer as técnicas é aplicá-las de forma consistente. Você pode começar escolhendo apenas uma, como a ancoragem, e praticando diariamente por alguns minutos. Também pode integrar a PNL com outras práticas como o mindfulness, usando a atenção plena para observar seus padrões mentais antes de aplicar uma técnica de mudança.
A cada prática, você está treinando o cérebro a criar novos caminhos neurais, fortalecendo a neuroplasticidade e ampliando suas escolhas diante da vida. A PNL não é uma teoria distante: ela se torna poderosa justamente quando aplicada às pequenas situações do cotidiano.
In short…
Neuro-Linguistic Programming is a powerful tool for improving communication, behavior, and performance in many areas of life. By understanding the principles of NLP and applying them consistently, you can achieve more positive and effective results. NLP not only helps you interact with others, but it also promotes self-awareness and personal growth. So, consider incorporating NLP into your journey of self-development and continuous improvement.
Recommended Reading:
REPROGRAME SEU MINDSET: Identifique suas travas e comece sua transformação
Perguntas Frequentes sobre PNL
1. O que é PNL em poucas palavras?
A PNL, ou Programação Neurolinguística, é um conjunto de técnicas que estudam como cérebro, linguagem e comportamento se conectam para moldar a forma como pensamos, sentimos e agimos.
2. Para que serve a PNL na prática?
A PNL serve para melhorar a comunicação, aumentar o autoconhecimento, mudar padrões de comportamento limitantes e potencializar o alcance de objetivos pessoais e profissionais.
3. Quais são as técnicas mais conhecidas da PNL?
As técnicas mais conhecidas são a dissociação, a ressignificação e a ancoragem.
4. A PNL tem comprovação científica?
A PNL é uma metodologia prática que combina observações empíricas com princípios aplicados. Embora haja controvérsias na comunidade científica, seus métodos são amplamente usados em coaching, psicologia aplicada e desenvolvimento pessoal com resultados comprovados.
5. Qual a diferença entre PNL e psicoterapia tradicional?
Enquanto a psicoterapia tradicional muitas vezes busca entender o passado e a origem dos problemas, a PNL foca em soluções práticas e rápidas para mudar padrões mentais e comportamentais no presente.
Image: Freepik
Article originally published on 09/12/2023 and updated on the date above.

Marcel Castilho is an expert in neuromarketing, neuroscience, mindfulness and positive psychology. In addition to being an advertiser, he also has a Master's degree in NLP – Neurolinguistic Programming. As the owner and founder of the communications agency VeroCom and also of the digital agency Vero Contents, he has been studying human behavior for over 30 years.